Which type of non-tariff barrier covers government policies that favor or discriminate against exports?

The correct answer relates to the specific nature of non-tariff barriers that impact trade flows. Non-tariff barriers can take many forms, including standards, subsidies, and customs procedures. However, the type of non-tariff barrier that explicitly involves government policies favoring or discriminating against exports refers to the implementation of customs and administrative procedures.

When governments impose various regulations, inspections, or compliance requirements on exports, they can either facilitate or hinder a country's ability to trade with others. For example, bureaucratic red tape, complex documentation, or stringent customs regulations can slow down exports or impose additional costs on producers, ultimately affecting their competitiveness in the international market. On the other side, if policies are designed to streamline these processes or provide preferential treatment to certain exports, they can enhance the ability to trade.

Understanding customs and administrative procedures as non-tariff barriers is crucial because they directly influence how easily goods can cross borders, thus impacting international business operations and trade efficiency.