Which of the following impacts labor standards negatively according to globalization arguments?

The assertion that globalization can have deleterious effects on labor standards is grounded in various critiques of how globalization operates and its consequences on workers around the world. Critics argue that as companies expand internationally, they often seek to minimize costs by outsourcing labor to countries with weaker labor laws and regulations. This can lead to a race to the bottom, where competition among countries to attract foreign investment results in poorer working conditions, lower wages, and reduced labor protections.

Globalization can also contribute to the exploitation of workers, such as engaging in practices that violate basic human rights, like forced labor or child labor, particularly in developing nations where enforcement of labor standards may be lax or nonexistent. The focus on profit maximization can overshadow the importance of maintaining fair labor conditions and respecting workers' rights.

While increased job opportunities and improved wages may seem like positive outcomes of globalization, they often do not fully capture the complexity of the labor market dynamics involved. In many cases, job opportunities arise in low-wage sectors with poor working conditions, which does not equate to overall improvements in labor standards. Additionally, the exchange of cultural practices can enhance understanding and cooperation but does not necessarily address the fundamental issues of labor rights and protections that may be compromised in a globalized economy.