What technology is used in solar photovoltaic power (PV) to generate electricity?

The correct answer highlights the principle of using photovoltaic cells in solar panels to generate electricity through the photoelectric effect. This process involves certain materials, typically semiconductors like silicon, that generate an electric voltage when they absorb sunlight. When exposed to light, these materials release electrons, creating a flow of electrical current that can be harnessed for power.

Understanding the underlying technology clarifies how solar energy is transformed into usable electricity, emphasizing the role of light in this renewable energy source. This sets photovoltaic technology apart from other options, which rely on different mechanisms such as thermal processes, mechanical motion, or water flow to generate energy. Each of those alternatives—like steam generation, wind turbines, or hydropower—employ distinct technologies that do not utilize the direct conversion of light into electricity.